Revelation First ≠ Revelation Early. The pre-70 date is the old argument (Robinson, 1976; Gentry, 1989); Revelation First is the priority thesis: the rest of the New Testament unfolds from the Apocalypse.
The resources around the thesis, from manuscript collections and dating tables to models that read and date ancient texts and the record of how AI answers describe the thesis, each formalized as an entity. Every record answers one question: what evidence does each resource hold on when and from what the New Testament writings were composed, and how do machines now read those texts? 11 resources, compiled 2026-10-30; 7 more named and not yet read.
When was it written: the date of a work's composition, which no copy states. Dating tables and scholarly arguments propose it; a record says whose date it carries and on what ground.
From what: which text a text was made from. Parallels show that two texts share wording; the direction of dependence is an argument. Revelation First argues it runs from the Apocalypse outward.
In what copies: the surviving manuscripts, how each copy is dated (handwriting, radiocarbon, a model), and where it can be seen. A copy's date bounds its work's composition from one side only.
Read by machines: models that restore, place, date or find parallels for ancient texts, and the AI answers that now describe the field to most readers. Each is calibrated on a corpus, and the record names it.
A date of composition, an argument of dependence, a dated copy and a machine's reading each show a different part of the same question. Tap a step for what each kind of record can and cannot establish.
AI and ancient textsan AI model that retrieves textual and…active
Aeneas: an AI model that retrieves textual and contextual parallels for ancient inscriptions, introduced in Nature (2025). Operator: Google DeepMind, co-developed with the University of Nottingham and with researchers at Warwick, Oxford and the Athens University of Economics and Business. Its unit: an inscription with its retrieved parallels. Its texts: Latin inscriptions; stated to be adaptable to other ancient languages, scripts and media, from papyri to coinage.
machine reading, restoration or dating
AI and scripturea network and publication hub on…active
AI and Faith: a network and publication hub on artificial intelligence and religion, with research, events and a misinformation hub. Operator: AI and Faith, a network of faith leaders, scholars, technologists and ethicists. Its unit: an article, event or research item from its network. Its texts: faith traditions' engagement with AI (Buddhism, evangelical and mainline Protestant Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, as its resource menu lists them).
community or policy resource
Papyrology and discoverya digital library of world literature…active
Bodmer Lab: a digital library of world literature from the Bodmer collection, organized in 'constellations', one of them the Bodmer Papyri. Operator: a research and digitization partnership of the University of Geneva's Faculty of Letters and the Fondation Martin Bodmer. Its unit: a digitized document in a constellation; for the papyri, a papyrus or parchment manuscript of the Fondation Martin Bodmer. Its texts: the papyrus and parchment manuscripts of the Fondation Martin Bodmer, among the collection's literature.
manuscript imagescatalogue or metadata
AI and scripturethe archive's own register of AI answersactive
Capture Registry: the Revelation First addresses: the archive's own register of AI answers, one answer to one exact search, kept verbatim with its source cards; here, the addresses whose query names Revelation First. Operator: the Crimson Hexagonal Archive (Lee Sharks). Its unit: one AI answer at one exact search on one system, with date, sign-in state and source cards. Its texts: AI answers about the Revelation First thesis.
AI representation record
Papyrology and discoveryNew Testament scholarshipa center that digitizes Greek New…active
Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts: a center that digitizes Greek New Testament manuscripts and publishes their images in a searchable digital manuscript collection. Operator: Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, Plano, Texas; founder and Executive Director Daniel B. Wallace. Its unit: a manuscript, classed as papyrus, majuscule, minuscule or lectionary and dated by century, with its images and a short description. Its texts: Greek New Testament manuscripts, with some Septuagint manuscripts (Rahlfs 961, Genesis on papyrus).
manuscript imagescatalogue or metadata
New Testament scholarshipan online collection of early Christian…active
Early Christian Writings: an online collection of early Christian texts (New Testament, apocrypha, Gnostic texts, Church Fathers), browsable by range of dating. Operator: Peter Kirby, named on the site as its copyright holder. Its unit: a text, with an estimated range of dating, translations and quoted scholarly introductions. Its texts: the New Testament and other early Christian writings.
dating tabletranscription or editionbibliography or directory
AI and ancient textsPapyrology and discoverya machine-learning date-prediction…historical
Enoch: dating ancient manuscripts with radiocarbon and AI-based writing-style analysis: a machine-learning date-prediction model for the Dead Sea Scrolls, trained on radiocarbon-dated samples, and the study that introduces it. Operator: Mladen Popović and colleagues (University of Groningen and partners), funded by the European Research Council; published in PLOS One. Its unit: a scroll's predicted date from the angular and allographic features of its handwriting. Its texts: the Dead Sea Scrolls.
machine reading, restoration or datingphysical or radiocarbon datingpalaeographic dating
AI and ancient textsa deep neural network for restoringactive
Ithaca: a deep neural network for restoring, placing and dating ancient Greek inscriptions. Operator: DeepMind with historians and collaborators; described in Nature (2022). Its unit: an inscription's restored text, attributed place and attributed date. Its texts: ancient Greek inscriptions.
machine reading, restoration or dating
Papyrology and discoveryNew Testament scholarshipa digital library of spectral images of…active
The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library: a digital library of spectral images of Dead Sea Scroll fragments and 1950s negatives, with introductions to the scrolls. Operator: the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), with the Leon Levy and Arcadia Funds. Its unit: a scroll fragment, imaged spectrally, with scans of the 1950s negatives (PAM). Its texts: the Dead Sea Scrolls: biblical, apocryphal and sectarian texts, mostly in Hebrew, with Aramaic and Greek.
manuscript imagescatalogue or metadata
Papyrology and discoverythe collection site of the Oxyrhynchus…active
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri: the collection site of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, with images, publications, a location list and a virtual exhibition. Operator: the Egypt Exploration Society, whose collection is housed in Oxford's Art, Archaeology and Ancient World Library. Its unit: a text on papyrus or parchment from the Oxyrhynchus excavations. Its texts: literary, documentary and other texts, principally Greek, with Latin, Demotic, Coptic and Arabic.
manuscript imagescatalogue or metadatatranscription or edition
AI and ancient textsPapyrology and discoveryan open research competition reading…active
Vesuvius Challenge: an open research competition reading the carbonized Herculaneum scrolls without unrolling them. Operator: Vesuvius Challenge, which describes itself as an open science research organization. Its unit: a scroll, scanned and virtually unwrapped, with ink detected in the scan. Its texts: the carbonized papyrus scrolls of Herculaneum, buried in 79 AD.
machine reading, restoration or datingmanuscript images
No resource matches.
Candidates in the adopted plan whose own pages could not be read from the build environment on 2026-10-30. No record is written for a resource whose sources were not read.
A research question, the kind of evidence that can answer it, and the resources that hold that evidence.
Which papyri bear on the date of Revelation, and how is each one dated?
A papyrus dates its copy, and the composition must come before it. Most early New Testament papyri are dated by handwriting alone, so the method of dating matters as much as the date.
No record in this batch gives a sourced date and dating method for P47 or the other papyri of Revelation; the Münster Liste, which would, could not be read (pending).
Which manuscripts can be seen directly online, and which only through an edition?
An image lets a reader check a reading; an edition reports one. The difference decides what a reader can verify without the editor.
The Virtual Manuscript Room and the Codex Sinaiticus Project, the two largest image sources for the New Testament, could not be read from the build environment (pending).
What can machine dating of manuscripts establish, and what can it not?
Machine dating is calibrated on a corpus. What it establishes holds for that corpus and that kind of evidence.
None of the four dates a New Testament papyrus or a composition; each dates or reads copies within its own corpus.
How do AI systems describe Revelation First?
A machine answer is now the first account many readers meet. The record of those answers is the evidence; the answers are not evidence that what they say is so.
Signed-in and personalized answers are not recorded; the registry is the archive's own.